Impala Platinum: Defined by geology
The bord and pillar mining method is employed and stoping widths average around 2m. Mining bords advance along the strike. The mining cycle involves mechanised support …

The bord and pillar mining method is employed and stoping widths average around 2m. Mining bords advance along the strike. The mining cycle involves mechanised support …
The paper points out that bord-and-pillar mining is the most important method of coal extraction in South African underground coal mines, and advocates that pillar design …
Watson et al. (2008) (linear formula) Impala Platinum, South Africa. Watson ... The paper points out that bord-and-pillar mining is the most important method of coal extraction in South African ...
Watson PB, Ryder JA, Kataka MO et al. 2008. Merensky pillar strength formulae based on back-analysis of pillar failures at Impala Platinum. The Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol.108, pp 449-461
ON Guidelines for Pillar design i. ar operationsList ofFiguresFigure 1: Idealised bord-and-pillar layout.7. crease in extraction ratio with an increase in depth (pillar height = 2 …
Major Mines Projects Impala Mine Breast mining; Bordandpillar; Summary: The Merensky and UG2 Reefs are mined concurrently at Impala Stoping at the operatio
Where, is the pillar strength, is the coal strength parameter = 4.8 to 7.0 MPa (700 to 1000 psi) is the pillar width and is the pillar height. Aadidev et al. 3 Pillar strength equation by Greenwald Greenwald et al. (1941) considered in situ tests on slender pillars of size 30 cm and gave the strength of pillar as: (5) Where, С p
Currently, raw coal mined through either long wall or bord and pillar mining methods and undergoes primary crushing underground. The De-stoning Plant is proposed to be built on a brownfields site, consisting of transformed land, agriculture and degraded grassland and will link into the existing mine and Eskom infrastructure.
Instrumentation and monitoring is undertaken aiming at evaluation of changing values of rock mechanic parameters, namely, dilation, load, convergence, and stress, during mining for a safe strata control. It enables the mining practitioners to anticipate roof fall–related dangers in advance and taking subsequent preventive measures while depillaring. The …
Chikande et al. (2022) created and implemented a ventilation-on-demand (VOD) system for the bord and pillar mining method at a platinum mine in Zimbabwe to reduce the usage of excess air in the ...
Styldrift Mine (Styldrift), a twin vertical shaft system, is a mechanised bord and pillar mining operation with an average mining depth of 680m BRPM concentrator, is a 250ktpm capacity traditional MF2 process ... l Impala Platinum Holdings Limited (40.11%) l Northam Platinum Holdings Limited (34.52%) l PIC (9.26%) l Royal Bafokeng Holdings (3. ...
The paper points out that bord-and-pillar mining is the most important method of coal extraction in South African underground coal mines, and advocates that pillar design procedures should be ...
AbstractAny bord and pillar platinum mine thrives on effective design of bords and pillars. Pillars have to be large enough to ensure safety and small enough to ensure economic and sustainable exploitation of the mineral resource. Consideration of span of the bords of the working area is also crucial to safe and economic design of the mining layout. This …
The in-panel pillars are intended to provide support resistance sufficient to prevent "backbreak" type in-panel failures, while yielding in a stable manner. As such, they are …
The significance of mining to human civilization is undeniable. Mining, being one of the earliest human endeavors, and its evolution are inextricably linked to cultural advancement. Mining is the cradle of all other businesses. Different strategies have been approached for mining effectiveness while keeping output and safety in mind. The Bord and Pillar …
In FY2015 Impala produced 575 200 ounces of refined platinum. 2 IMPALA. 3 Both the Merensky and UG2 Reefs, which are contained ... Mechanised bord and pillar mining occurs in selected Merensky Reef areas on two of the shafts (12 and 14 Shafts). Mining currently extends to a depth of around 1 000 meters, with most
The object of this study is to formulate a procedure for the determination of mining dimensions in bord and pillar workings. This is achieved by using the recently reported pillar strength formula which was derived statistically from the results of a survey of mining dimensions carried out in the collieries of the Transvaal and Orange Free State. In this …
"Productive room and pillar mining comes down to having the machines and parts that can help soft rock mining operations extract and haul more coal and industrial minerals in less time," he said. "With these new features and a next-generation conveyor chain design, operators have tools that can help them hit their productivity targets while ...
Where, is the Pillar strength equation pillar strength, is the coal strength parameter = 4.8 to 7.0 MPa (700 to 1000 psi) is the pillar width and is the pillar height. Jawed et al. 3 Pillar strength equation by Greenwald Greenwald et al. (1941) considered in situ tests on
Here the circumstances of bord and pillar mining are to face difficult surroundings, mainly, due to rock-mass characteristics and stress conditions of the deep horizon. ... To achieve a better strata condition under high stress regime of deep cover, even splitting of pillar is avoided (Mark et al., 2002). Splitting requires support placement ...
Bord And Pillar Mining Richard Augustine Studdert Redmayne Ground Engineering - Principles and Practices for Underground Coal Mining J.M. Galvin, This book teaches readers ground engineering principles and related mining and risk management practices associated with
This study describes a review of the pillar design at the manganese mining operations in South Africa with specific reference to Nchwaning III Shaft at Black Rock Mine Operations. From a literature study, it is clear that there is uncertainty regarding hard rock pillar strength and the appropriate formulae to use when designing hard rock bord ...
This study explores the use of backfill in hard rock bord-and-pillar mines to increase the pillar strength and extraction ratio at depth. The use of backfill will also minimize the requirement for ...
Among the currently used methods for moderately dipping medium-thick orebody mining, the room and pillar mining method accounts for 55% of cases, whereas the inclined drawpoint in footwall method ...
The success of a bord and pillar mining method in the exploitation of platinum heavily depends on a comprehensive and competent pillar design method. Pillars need to be large enough to contain ...
pillars for use with a mechanised mining operation at depths of between 850 and 1 200 metres below surface. INTRODUCTION Although the use of mechanised bord-and-pillar type mining with pillar support is common in the shallow (<500m below surface) bushveld chrome mines, the platinum mines have traditionally
It has five coal seams, each separated by a soil layer and is mined using the Bord and Pillar method of underground mining (Ranjan et al. 2013, K.D. Singh, Survey Officer, Bhurkunda UG mine ...
from bord and pillar practices in the coal mining industry where the anchor support pattern, spacing layout, as well as the minimum drilling depth into the roof / hanging- wall, and thus the length of the anchors, is determined for a given mining area such
The more recent establishment of a number of mines on the Eastern Limb, of which the TRP is an example (von Gruenewaldt et al. 1990; Mabuza 2006; Voordouw and Beukes 2009;Voordouw et al. 2010;Rose ...
The bords currently mined gave a shorter stand-up time which again compromises safety. Pillars need to be redesigned together with the implementation of a new roofbolt system …
In NSW the size of the pillar is restricted to a minimum of 1/10 of the depth, and the width of the bord to 5.5 m. Special exemptions are required for driving bords (roadways) wider than 5.5 m. The roadways are normally driven in rectangular shape.
tivity, cost implications, profit and mining flexibility and the most suitable layout was chosen. Bord-and-pillar mining was then compared to conven-tional mining according to the following: financial analysis, dilution and flexibility. Conclusions could now be drawn to the appropriateness of bord-and-pillar mining in Vlakpoort and Moddergat ...
Estimation of pillar stress is a crucial task in underground mining. This is used to determine pillar dimensions, room width, roof conditions, and general mine layout. There are several methods for estimating induced stresses due to underground excavations, i.e., empirical methods, numerical solutions, and currently artificial intelligence (AI). AI based …
In the mining process of the II1 coal seam at Zhaogu No. 2 coal mine, a method of stratified mining is employed, leaving relatively wide coal pillars in sections. To enhance the resource recovery ...